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Pandemic

This article is about pandemics in general. For other uses, see Pandemic (disambiguation).

Depiction of the burial of bodies during Black Death, which killed up to half of Eurasia's population in the 14th century.
Members of the American Red Cross carry a body during the 1918–20 "Spanish flu" pandemic which resulted in dramatic mortality rates worldwide.
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, convention centers (pictured here) were deemed to be ideal sites for temporary hospitals, due to their existing infrastructure (electrical, water, sewage).[1] Hotels and dormitories were also considered appropriate because they can use negative pressure technology.[1]

A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν, pan, "all" and δῆμος, demos, "local people" the 'crowd') is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected individuals is not a pandemic. Widespread endemic diseases with a stable number of infected individuals such as recurrences of seasonal influenza are generally excluded as they occur simultaneously in large regions of the globe rather than being spread worldwide.

Throughout human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases such as smallpox. The most fatal pandemic in recorded history was the Black Death (also known as The Plague), which killed an estimated 75–200 million people in the 14th century.[2][3][4][5] The term was not used yet but was for later pandemics including the 1918 influenza pandemic (Spanish flu).[6][7][8]

Recent pandemics include tuberculosis, Russian flu, Spanish flu, Asian flu, cholera, Hong Kong flu, HIV/AIDS, SARS and COVID-19.[9][10]

  1. ^ a b Serbu, Jared (27 March 2020). "Army Corps sees convention centers as good option to build temporary hospitals". Federal News Network. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020.
  2. ^ ABC/Reuters (29 January 2008). "Black death 'discriminated' between victims (ABC News in Science)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
  3. ^ "Black Death's Gene Code Cracked". Wired. 3 October 2001. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  4. ^ "Health: De-coding the Black Death". BBC. 3 October 2001. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
  5. ^ DeLeo FR, Hinnebusch BJ (September 2005). "A plague upon the phagocytes". Nature Medicine. 11 (9): 927–928. doi:10.1038/nm0905-927. PMID 16145573. S2CID 31060258.
  6. ^ 1918 Pandemics (H1N1 virus). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  7. ^ Rosenwald, Michael S. (7 April 2020). "History's deadliest pandemics, from ancient Rome to modern America". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  8. ^ "Weekly Virological Update on 05 August 2010". World Health Organization (WHO). 5 August 2010. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  9. ^ Wingfield, Tom; Cuevas, Luis E.; MacPherson, Peter; Millington, Kerry A.; Squire, S. Bertel (1 June 2020). "Tackling two pandemics: a plea on World Tuberculosis Day". The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 8 (6): 536–538. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30151-X. PMC 7118542. PMID 32220280.
  10. ^ Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep; Das, Anandan; Sengupta, Pallav; Dutta, Sulagna; Roychoudhury, Shatabhisha; Choudhury, Arun Paul; Ahmed, A. B. Fuzayel; Bhattacharjee, Saumendra; Slama, Petr (January 2020). "Viral Pandemics of the Last Four Decades: Pathophysiology, Health Impacts and Perspectives". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17 (24): 9411. doi:10.3390/ijerph17249411. PMC 7765415. PMID 33333995.
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